In what structures do both Penicillium and Aspergillus produce asexual spores?
A) asci
B) zygosporangia
C) rhizoids
D) gametangia
E) conidiophores
Answer: E
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Biology- Which of the following is descriptive of protostomes?
- The blastopore denotes the presence of an endoderm-lined cavity in the developing embryo, a cavity that is known as the
- The blastopore is a structure that first becomes evident during
- You have before you a living organism, which you examine carefully. Which of the following should convince you that the organism is acoelomate?
- What distinguishes a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates
- At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a protostome embryo from a deuterostome embryo?
- At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic embryo from a triploblastic embryo?
- A researcher is trying to construct a molecular-based phylogeny of the entire animal kingdom. Assuming that none of the following genes is absolutely conserved, which of the following would be the best choice on which to base the phylogeny?
- Soon after the coelom begins to form, a researcher injects a dye into the coelom of a deuterostome embryo. Initially, the dye should be able to flow directly into the
- An adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry is most certainly also
- Arthropods invaded land about 100 million years before vertebrates did so. This most clearly implies that
- What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated, from earliest to most recent? 1. tetrapods 2. vertebrates 3. deuterostomes 4. amniotes 5. bilaterians
- Fossil evidence indicates that the following events occurred in what sequence, from earliest to most recent? 1. Protostomes invade terrestrial environments. 2. Cambrian explosion occurs. 3. Deuterostomes invade terrestrial environments. 4. Vertebrates become top predators in the seas.
- Whatever its ultimate cause(s), the Cambrian explosion is a prime example of
- Which of the following genetic processes may be most helpful in accounting for the Cambrian explosion?
- Which statement is most consistent with the hypothesis that the Cambrian explosion was caused by the rise of predator-prey relationships?
- Evidence of which structure or characteristic would be most surprising to find among fossils of the Ediacaran fauna?
- The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a
- In individual insects of some species, whole chromosomes that carry larval genes are eliminated from the genomes of somatic cells at the time of metamorphosis. A consequence of this occurrence is that
- The Hox genes came to regulate each of the following in what sequence, from earliest to most recent? 1. identity and position of paired appendages in protostome embryos 2. anterior-posterior orientation of segments in protostome embryos 3. positioning of tentacles in cnidarians 4. anterior-posterior orientation in vertebrate embryos
- What do animals as diverse as corals and monkeys have in common?
- Which of the following is (are) unique to animals?
- The larvae of some insects are merely small versions of the adult, whereas the larvae of other insects look completely different from adults, eat different foods, and may live in different habitats. Which of the following most directly favors the evolution of the latter, more radical, kind of metamorphosis?
- Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive their nutrition by
- The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to
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- Orchid seeds are tiny, with virtually no endosperm and with miniscule cotyledons. If suBiology, moist environment, then which of the following represents the most likely means by which fungi might assist in seed germination, given what the seeds lack?
- Which of the following is (are) unique to animals?
- Rose-picker's disease is caused by the yeast, Sporothrix schenkii. The yeast grows on the exteriors of rose-bush thorns. If a human gets pricked by such a thorn, the yeasts can be introduced under the skin. The yeasts then assume a hyphal morphology and grow along the interiors of lymphatic vessels until they reach a lymph node. This often results in the accumulation of pus in the lymph node, which subsequently ulcerates through the skin surface and then drains.
- The photosynthetic symbiont of a lichen is often
- Recent genetic studies of the structure of microsporidian genomes, as well as the sequences of their tubulin genes and the gene for RNA polymerase II, indicate that microsporidians are closely related to the fungi. Microsporidians lack flagella, centrioles, peroxisomes, and mitochondria (although they do have degenerate mitochondria, called mitosomes). They have the smallest genome of any eukaryote, and it is a genome that changes quickly. The genome is contained within two haploid nuclei. All microsporidians are obligate intracellular parasites. They use a unique organelle called a polar filament to gain access to the cells of their hosts. One species causes chronic diarrhea in AIDS patients. Another parasitizes Anopheles gambiae, the mosquito that transmits a fatal form of malaria to humans.
- Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive their nutrition by
- For several decades now, amphibian species worldwide have been in decline. A significant proportion of the decline seems to be due to the spread of the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Chytrid sporangia reside within the epidermal cells of infected animals, animals that consequently show areas of sloughed skin. They can also be lethargic, which is expressed through failure to hide and failure to flee. The infection cycle typically takes four to five days, at the end of which zoospores are released from sporangia into the environment. In some amphibian species, mortality rates approach 100%; other species seem able to survive the infection.
- Among the organisms listed here, which are thought to be the closest relatives of fungi?
- Diploid nuclei of the ascomycete, Neurospora crassa, contain 14 chromosomes. A single diploid cell in an ascus will undergo one round of meiosis, followed in each of the daughter cells by one round of mitosis, producing a total of eight ascospores.
- All fungi share which of the following characteristics?
- In individual insects of some species, whole chromosomes that carry larval genes are eliminated from the genomes of somatic cells at the time of metamorphosis. A consequence of this occurrence is that
- The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to
- Mycorrhizae are to the roots of vascular plants as endophytes are to vascular plants'
- Which of the following conditions is caused by a fungus that is accidentally consumed along with rye flour?
- The larvae of some insects are merely small versions of the adult, whereas the larvae of other insects look completely different from adults, eat different foods, and may live in different habitats. Which of the following most directly favors the evolution of the latter, more radical, kind of metamorphosis?
- The Hox genes came to regulate each of the following in what sequence, from earliest to most recent? 1. identity and position of paired appendages in protostome embryos 2. anterior-posterior orientation of segments in protostome embryos 3. positioning of tentacles in cnidarians 4. anterior-posterior orientation in vertebrate embryos
- Which feature seen in chytrids supports the hypothesis that they diverged earliest in fungal evolution?
- What do animals as diverse as corals and monkeys have in common?
- A billionaire buys a sterile volcanic island that recently emerged from the sea. To speed the arrival of conditions necessary for plant growth, the billionaire might be advised to aerially sow what over the island?
- Which of the following cells or structures are associated with asexual reproduction in fungi?
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